WHAT IS PEYOTE?
The peyote cactus, or Lophophora williamsii, is unassuming at first glance. It’s small and spineless, unlike other cacti.
But inside the small buttons that grow from the plant lies a hallucinogenic substance called mescaline. The effects of this chemical component are responsible for peyote’s role as an important element of some religious rituals.
The chemical makeup of mescaline is comparable to other hallucinogenic substances like LSD and psilocybin (shrooms).
Despite its humble appearance, the peyote cactus contains the highest concentration of mescaline of any other cactus at around 3–6% of the dried weight.
Peyote grows exceptionally slow — taking up to 15 years to reach maturity. The average user requires several buttons of peyote cactus for a single dose. An experienced peyote user may take as many as 15 or 20 buttons at a time.
Other Names for peyote
The name Peyote comes from the Aztec word peyōtl which means “Divine Messenger.” Other names for Peyote include Mescaline, Mescalito, and Buttons. The names Mescaline and Mescalito come directly from the primary psychoactive alkaloid contained in Peyote. Buttons is the term for the tops of the Peyote cactus which is typically the portion that is harvested, dried, then consumed.
Forms & Ways of Consumption
As mentioned earlier, Mescaline is the primary phenylethylamine alkaloid. The Mescaline Peyote is typically taken by consuming the tops of the cactus. It is either dried out then ate or ground up into a slushy liquid then drank. Fresh Peyote has approximately 0.4% Mescaline and when dried it contains 3-6%. Nowadays fresh Peyote is typically only consumed during Native American ceremonies. The average person will usually consume it dried because it has a bitter taste so most people feel the less they have to consume to feel the effects the better.
History
Peyote has a long standing history as a tool used in spiritual ceremonies and healing. In 2005, two specimens of Peyote buttons were found in an archaeological dig site on the Rio Grande in Texas. Using radiocarbon dating, they were able to determine that these specimens were from somewhere between 3780 BCE and 3660 BCE. This led researchers to believe Native American tribes used Peyote for over 5,500 years making it the oldest psychedelic people have used.
Indigenous Uses
Peyote usage in indigenous people originated with the Tonkawa and Mescalero tribes in Texas and New Mexico. While it originated with these tribes, the Chichimeca, Tarahumara, Cora, and Huichol tribes also commonly used Peyote. These tribes primarily used Peyote for spiritual ceremonies, but its use did not stop there. They would also use it as a topical analgesic to relieve pain in wounds, burns, irritated joints, and foot pain associated with walking long distances. The Huichol tribe would even use it to help with pains associated with pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Effects
Peyote causes a psychedelic experience with closed and open eyed visuals, distortion in the perception of time, and an altered thought process. The primary active ingredient, Mescaline, is the main cause of these effects.
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